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          Schools in Tachilek collect student money for UNICEF aid Tachilek Township Schools in Tachilek collect student money for UNICEF aid Schools in Tachilek Township, eastern Shan State, colle 情趣用品cted money from students to get schooling materials conferred by the United Nations International Children’s Education Fund (UNI 房屋出租CEF), according to local sources. By Hseng Khio Fah20 February 2009Materials were reportedly handed to the Educational Department of Tachilek ea 澎湖民宿rly this year by the UNICEF. The UNICEF had donated stationery supplies to 9 townships in Burma, including Mudon Township, Mon State, and Tachilek, where most ch 襯衫ildren don’t speak Burmese language.  The materials were distributed to the students on 14 February, said a source. Every student from each school would be given 10 exer G2000cise books, 5 pencils, 2 erasers and a ruler. But the teachers asked 5 Baht ($0.14) from each student before handing the materials to them.There are 56 schools from primary to high schools 室內裝潢in Tachilek. The number of the students is estimated about 15,000.Students from some schools were asked to pay more from 10 to 20 Baht each, said a source.  “We don’t want to fuss about 5 or 10 baht giv 代償en to the teachers because we don’t want our children to be embarrassed in their class.  They’ve been doing to us like this for a long time now anyway,” said a mother of a student from Makahokham.  Each student f 房屋買賣rom No.1 High School has also been required to pay 10 Baht for drinking water per month, said a mother who has a child going at that school. The school has more than 2,000 students and each class has more than 30 students.  The sai 房屋貸款d school is known to be for wealthier families, but last year, some teachers from that school were reported of demanding money from students to enter examinations. Final examinations from primary school to middle school will begin in the last week of Februa 燒烤ry.  .

          Genuine Federalism or Shan State Independence ? Genuine Federalism or Shan State Independence? (BOXUN Received S.H.A.N. & Burma's News Published by Burma's Chinese - Maung Chan ) I have written an article on Feb 24 titled “Burma’s Junta Resorts to His Fists Against Shan Politicians”, stating that the junta’s arrest of Hkun Htun Oo and General Hso Ten, altogether 10 Shan leaders charging them with treason”. “We’ll not be defeated!” Sai Wansai, General Secretary of Shan Democratic Union told me indignantly at that moment. “It proved that the military regime’s disagreement of the equal rights of nationalities and that our leaders’ advocacy of peaceful dialogue will bring us no where near to the Federal Union of Burma. Now there is only one option open —armed struggle for total independence of Shan State! ” declared the exiled Shans on March 29. “ We ethnic nationalities have begun the peaceful negotiation for the genuine federal Burma and the national equality since 1961 and always been jailed and killed. We choose armed struggle so that we would not be always arrested and killed at their will. It is the generals who create the civil war!” said Nang Kher Hsen, the spokeswoman of Shan State Army (SSA), which is still fighting the junta. ”We ask for federalism, autonomy and equality, but the generals charge us with treason. The Burmese generals are responsible for the rebellion of Shan people and instability of the country” said Sao Seng Suk, Acting President of the Shan Union and lea 酒店兼職der of Shan States Constitution Drafting Commission. ”ASEAN have to force Burmese generals to hold tri-partite dialogue and let Union of Burma proceed peacefully along the road of democracy. ”said Sao Seng Suk, 71, son of Hkun Kya Bu, a signatory of the Panglong Agreement. Exiled Burmese political analyst U Aung Naing Oo said that the junta should tone down its demands and increase activities leading to democratic reforms by releasing all political prisoners including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi. Harn Yawnghwe, Director of the EU-Burma Office and one well known top leader of the exiled Shan and advocate of other ethnic nationalities, son of Saw Shwe Thaike and younger brother of Chao Tzang, said, ”I am overwhelmed with indignation! The Burmese army are killing our people everyday and gang-raping our women. Our people’s long and untold suffering, have still not been stopped and addressed in substantial manner. ” Harn’s brother Chao Tzang was an English tutor during my Rangoon University’s days. He was as well an outspoken advocate and inspired revolutionary for the Shan people. We, the revolutionary students of Rangoon University called him “Burma’s Prince Sihanouk ”. He died of cancel last year. Chao Tzang had bravely urged the successive Burmese military regimes and international community to recognize the reality of Burma the existence of the three forces, the military regime, democratic opposition and ethnic nationality groups. Chao Tzang had tirelessly a 烤肉食材dvocated that Burma’s problem should be solved through tri-partite dialogue and establishment of genuine federal system. Now some of the Shan are blaming him, Shan Herald Agency for News recently writes: “The reality proved his advocacy to be illusion. If our Shan State and our Shan people do not throw away the illusion, do not cut off the relation with the Burmese military rulers, we will never have future”. Harn’s political position is also identical to his brother Chao Tzang. ”We Shan people have several decades strive for independence since Ne Win abolished the Union Constitution. Who do not want freedom and independence? The key question has always been what is best for the people of Shan State. If federal system brings peace and happiness for us, we should opt for federal system, if independence could deliver, we should go for independence”. This author has been studying about the Shan (Tai, Dai, Siam) living now in China’s Yunnan, Vietnam, Burma, Thailand, Laos, India’s Manipur and Assam. Shan are independent people and they call themselves “Tai”, which means “freedom”. It is a pity that Burma is the only country where Tai or Shan people have no freedom, no national equality and peaceful co-existence have been denied. Historically, the Tai ancestors lived possibly along the Yangtze River 5,000 years ago (one of Bai-Yue nationalities?). Being good at growing rice and irrigation, they developed their farmland and rice cultivation using watering system through irrigatio 票貼n. This had paved the way for South-China to become a famous land for rice production and fishery centre (a Chinese idiom: a land of fish and rice ). Later the stronger and greater races forced them to move westwards to Yunnan. They moved along the four rivers, namely Red River, Lang Chang River, Nu River and Li River, where they farmed and lived. During 4th-12th century they united other ethnic nationalities of Yunnan to establish Six Chaos, Nan Chao and Dali Dynasties successively. They established also several city-kingdoms in Burma, Thailand and Laos. They, the great kingdom of Gandala, the country of perfume, joined Tibet(Tubo) to fight the Great Tang Dynasty. When the Great Mongol in 1287 invaded and defeated them, they moved massively into Burma, Thailand and Laos. The new comers and the ethnic Tais from previous migration joined together and created the Great Tai(Shan,Siam) Era in 13th-16th century. Through their joint efforts, Burma, Vietnam and Thailand became well known as rice producing countries in 19th-20th century. Harn insists the opinion that two factors, historical circumstances and world politics, play a major part in deciding the Tais’destiny. Only two Tai Nations, Thailand and Laos have become independent. It is not sufficient to argue that Burma’s Shan State should be independent today just because Shan kings ruled Burma during 13th-16th century and was independent before becoming British’s Frontier Area in 1886, said Harn. The British Empire waged the first war against Burmese 租房子 king in 1824 and colonized the far-southern part,the peacock's tail, of Burma, which included most parts of Karen State and Mon state, and the western part, Arakan State of today. The second war in 1852 led to the British occupation of the whole Lower Burma .In 1885 the British attacked Upper Burma including Mandalay and resettled the Burmese King to India. The Shan States, Kachin State and Chin State of today were known as “Frontier Areas” under the British. The British restructured the Shan States as “ Federated Shan States” where the Saohpas– lord of the sky – were given almost free reign, with minimum control, whereas Burma Proper was ministered as a British- India's Province, directly ruled by British's India. Frontier Areas did not belong to Burma Proper. According to Harn’s analysis, World politics after the Second World War pushed the Federated Shan States to struggle for joint-independence with Burma Proper, eventually leading to the formation of Union of Burma. Shan leaders accordingly had not much choice, he argued. --China was in the throes of anti-Japanese war, over 30 millions Chinese people (more than the population of Burma at that time) have been killed by Japanese troops during 1931-45. In 1945-49, China plunged into a civil war, where the communists supported by Soviet Union and nationalists supported by USA, killed each other. --Thailand had sided with Japan during the Second World War and was not looked upon with favour by the Allies. --General Aung San helped the Allies with hi 澎湖民宿s army in 1945 and became British “anti-Fascist minister” of Burma Proper, although he had been originally trained by the Japanese fascist regime and brought the Japanese fascist army into the country in 1941 to overthrow the British and eliminate pro-British elements. Knowing that they could no longer remain independent but had to join somebody, the ruling Saophas decided to join Burma and tried to make the best of a bad deal with the Panglong Agreement and the 10-year secession clause for the Shan State in the 1947 Constitution. Critics of the Panglong Agreement have said that the Saohpas wanted to protect their privileges and that Harn’s father wanted to become the president of the Union of Burma. “These allegations are not based on facts,“ said Harn, “The question of who should be president was never part of the agenda. In fact, Aung San almost walked out of the Panglong Conference because he was so infuriated by my father's insistence on the rights of the ethnic nationalities”. According to Harn, the Saohpas were, on the whole, not self-seeking feudal lords. They were definitely not protecting their privileges at Panglong conference. Since the 1930's they had been training young men to take over the leadership. They were in favour of democratisation and in 1959 they gave up all their rights to rule to the Shan State Government. According to the research, Sao Shwe Thaike, Harn’s father, was born in 1896. After attending Shan Chiefs School in Taunggyi, he was enlisted in the British Army. He became Saohpa of 結婚 Yawnghwe after Harn’s grandfather passed away in 1929. He signed the Panglong Agreement in February 1947 in order to struggle for Joint-Independence with Burma Proper and establish the Union of Burma based on the Union Constitution, which was to be drafted in July 1947 for which he was the Chairman. When Union of Burma declared its Joint-Independence on Jan 4,1948, he became first President of the newborn Union of Burma. In March 1952, his tenure as Burma’s first President ended and was elected to be President of the Chamber of Nationalities. On March 2, 1962, General Ne Win staged a coup and seized the political power, abolished the Union Constitution and imprisoned all the legally elected ministers including Premier U Nu and he himself. Harn’s younger brother resisted arrested, according to the Burmese military sources and was shot dead, when Ne Win’s Burmese army came to arrest his father. Harn’s father died later in custody and not long after Harn’s mother and elder brother Chao Tzang led the Shan resistance to fight against the Burmese army. The mother found refuge in Canada, where she died two years ago. Chao Tzang, who also resettled in Canada following retirement from military active duty – he was leading top Shan State Army commander - died last year of brain tumour. Harn, accordingly, is not against those who want to seek independence. “Who wants to be oppressed by the dictatorial Burmese army? Who wants to have one's womenfolk gang-raped? Who wants to have one's children and parents forced to work without payment und 酒店經紀er appalling conditions? Be arrested and shot dead just because one does not obey an arbitrary order given by the Burmese Army? ”said Harn. “Ask the Burman brothers and sisters. They don’t like this too. That was why so many have fled Burma. We cannot match the use of military force, where the junta outnumbered and is better equipped. But we might have a better chance in political arena.” Harn asked those Shan people are seeking independence: “Will we have more chances of success if we seek independence? Which country will recognize an independent Shan State? How will the government support itself? Will the new Shan State government be able to drive the Burma Army out of the Shan State? If yes, I will support it. I am also curious to know how the Burma Army can be defeated without bloodshed”. Every one knows that the generals have perfected their military technique of destruction and terrorizing our country and our people. They do not fear the wars of independence. They have been amassing new weapons since 1989 to pursue and attack the resistance. They are just waiting for the best time and the best excuse to annihilate the opposition and win the praise of the world “for eradicating drugs and terrorism”. It should be noted that during the last few years, over 40% national budget was allotted to military expenditure, whereas less than 0.3% was spent for health care and education. The generals, however, are deadly afraid of politics. They know they will lose power if they let people freely express their will. Harn said that the 1990 nation-wi 裝潢de election, where the junta lost miserably and the NLD and ethnic-based parties won with a landslide, is case in point, indicating the people’s aspiration for democracy. The junta response was the nullification of the election result, refusal to hand over power to the election winners, and to ban activities of political parties. The generals are also deadly afraid that the people will be united. Their counter strategy has always been to divide and rule. The ethnic political or military organisations such as KNU, KNPP and KIO all have splinter groups, which fought against each other. Hkun Htun Oo and Gen Hso Ten's “monstrous crimes” are that they try their best not only to unite the Shans, but also all the ethnic nationalities; not only the ethnic political parties, but also the ceasefire armies; not only the ethnic nationalities, but also the political opposition parties - including Burman leaders. These were what the generals could not tolerate. Another highlight: after our 50-year struggles, the United Nations for the first time acknowledged our legal status in 1994 by adopting a resolution calling for a 'tripartite dialogue' - the military, democracy advocates, and the ethnic nationalities. Prior to this, our ethnic rights were not recognized. We were just rebels. Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of theUnited Nations has definitely recognized now our legal status. The arrest of the Shan leadership and subsequent call by the UN for immediate release shows that the ethnic nationalities are reasonable and willing to have a peace settlement through dialogue. 房屋貸款It is now clear that the generals are the main obstacles in resolving problems of Burma. Harn said many are indeed been somewhat frustrated.However, he cautioned if the Shan are willing to throw away the edge that have already achieved? He emphasized not forget, the Shan’s efforts, together with other non-Burman ethnic nationality groups, have also thrown the Burma Army into disarray. He asked: - Haven’t the military junta turned against each other? - Wasn’t General Khin Nyunt, the third strong man and his followers arrested? - Wasn’t General Khin Nyunt’s whole department nationwide dissolved? - Isn’t General Than Shwe, the first strong man, and General Maung Aye, the second strong man, become distrustful to each other? - Isn’t there confusion in the Burma Army’s rank and file? Furthermore, he pointed out that this has never happened before in Burma's history and that the Shan are winning than losing politically. He made an appeal for the Shan to consider as follows: - Do we fight the generals in the battlefield where they have superior military strength and ability? OR- Do we fight them politically where we have the superiority?- Do we Shans fight the Burma Army alone? OR- Do we fight them side by side with others? Harn said in all earnestness that the future of the people of the Shan State is too important to make hasty and not well-thought-of decisions. The Shan should try their best not to allow their emotions cloud their thinking and clearly evaluate the options realistically. http://www.boxun.com/hero/Burma'sChinese/2_2.sht 情趣用品ml  .

          希拉蕊非洲行 拓展美非關係新契機 　希拉蕊非洲行的戰略目標 　美國國務卿希拉蕊在八月三日展開非洲之旅，此次非洲行先後訪問了肯亞、南非、安哥拉、剛果民主共和國、奈及利亞、賴比瑞亞、維德角等七國，停留時間長達 十一天。這在美國與非洲雙邊關係發展史上尚屬首次，具有強烈的象徵意義。就其行程及議程安排而言，可以說希拉蕊訪非之旅凸顯了美國對非洲的下列戰略目標： 　一、打擊恐怖主義 　歐巴馬七月的非洲行，並未訪問故鄉肯亞。而希拉蕊非洲之行的首站選在肯亞，也並非完全由於歐巴馬總統與肯亞的血緣關係，最主要的是因為肯亞在美國反恐?關鍵字行銷啋坐予狶篝t的關鍵地位。 　冷戰之後，美國與其它西方國家對非洲採取的消極態度，除了使許多內政不修的非洲國家陷入內戰外，更給予蓋達恐怖組織利用動亂局勢，作為招兵買馬與練兵的場所。美國駐肯亞大使館在一九九八年遭到炸彈恐怖攻擊，造成慘重傷亡，就是非洲恐怖主義猖獗的案例。 　近年來，索馬利亞除了海盜猖獗，危害往來船隻的安危外，美國更擔憂蓋達組織分支│索馬利亞青年黨勢力的壯大。如同一九九六年塔利班奪取阿富汗政權一般，美國憂慮一旦索馬利亞青年黨在內戰中取得勝利 土地買賣，可能造成區域內的動盪局勢。 　在一九九○年代，肯亞曾是美國介入索馬利亞事務的前沿基地。所以儘管美國對於肯亞處理二○○七年選舉騷亂的方式頗有微詞，但考量到肯亞在反恐戰爭中扮演 的重要角色，所以希拉蕊仍將肯亞作為非洲行的首站。在訪問肯亞期間，希拉蕊與索馬利亞過渡政府總統艾哈邁德會晤，並承諾提供索馬利亞過渡政府數百萬美元的 武器裝備，以防止索馬利亞的局勢惡化。 　二、能源安全利益 　希拉蕊對安哥拉、剛果、奈及利亞訪問的主題則是能源外交。尼日與奈及利亞為非洲前兩大產油國， 宜蘭民宿美國百分之七的石油進口來自奈及利亞、百分之八來自於尼 日，美國在這兩個國家的能源投資超過二百億美元；剛果則蘊藏錫、黑鎢、鐵礦、黃金等貴重金屬，這三個國家的戰略地位自然不言可喻。因此，維持與這三國良好 的天然資源生產與供應關係，攸關美國的能源安全利益。 　三、擴大貿易與投資 　參加第八屆「非洲增長與機遇論壇」年會，是希拉蕊非洲行的重要議程。為了擴大撒哈拉沙漠以南國家與美國貿易往來，美國國會在二○○○年五月通過《非洲增長與機遇法案》（AGOA）。截至二○○九年六月為止，有四十個非洲國家因 借貸為此法案而受惠。 　面對全球金融危機，擴大美非雙邊貿易與投資，成為希拉蕊此次的一個重要目的。就美國的觀點看來，《非洲增長與機遇法案》實施之後，非洲產品進入美國國內 市場已經不成問題，核心的問題在於非洲商品缺乏國際競爭力，非洲國家應當發展出口導向型產業。有鑑於此，美方認為，非洲國家應消除壁壘，以便吸引更多美國 企業前往當地投資，推動非洲經濟轉型，增強非洲產品的國際競爭力。 　南非是非洲最重要的民主國家，同時也是非洲第一經貿大國，更能對周遭鄰國形成影響。因此，美國試圖說服以南非為首的非洲國家，不要追隨 土地買賣印度、巴西等發展中國家，在杜哈回合貿易談判中採取的保護主義立場，為美國資本大規模進入非洲清除障礙。 　四、推行自由與民主制度 　根據非政府組織「自由之家」的《二○○九年世界自由概覽》報告指出，在撒哈拉以南的四十八個非洲國家中，僅有十個被列為自由國家，二十三個為部分自由國 家，其餘十五個為非自由國家。由此可知，維護非洲民主發展，防止非洲民主化進程大幅度逆轉，已經成為美國對非戰略的一項迫切任務。 　賴比瑞亞由美國黑人於十九世紀中葉所建立，是非洲唯一與美國有淵源的國家。自一九八○年起，賴比瑞亞經歷二十四年的血腥內戰?烤肉A如今這個國家好不容易走出 內戰陰影，又選出首位非洲女性領導人；至於「非洲之旅」最後一站的維德角，雖然只是個人口僅五十萬人的小國，但如同迦納等少數非洲國家一樣，在過去二十年 民主化期間歷經政黨輪替及政權和平轉移，達成民主發展，是美國所樂見的民主推行典範，自然要給予這兩國鼓勵與支持。 　五、與中共互別苗頭 　冷戰結束之後，由於美國對非洲採取退出介入的外交政策，反而給予中共可乘之機。北京當局利用日益強大的經濟實力為後盾、「不干涉內政」為口號，讓中共在非洲交到許多朋友。近年來，隨著非洲戰略地位的提昇，使得中共與美國在非洲的戰略競逐 房屋出租開始逐步浮上檯面。 　所以，儘管希拉蕊此行一再強調加強民主治理及人權、反對貪腐及獨裁、關懷非洲婦女安全等議題，但是美國也願意和這些自由指標並不理想的國家，如安哥拉、剛果及奈及利亞等國，有更深入的交往，頗有和中共互別苗頭的味道。 　提昇美非關係仍有待努力 　雖然美國的黑人大多來自於非洲，但是由於非洲裔美國人長期受到以歐洲移民為主的社會歧視，所以自開國以來有相當長的一段時間，美國對於非洲事務的關懷一直有限。 　在兩極對抗的冷戰體系中，美國為了推展民主、取得非洲戰略資源，以及更重要地防止新興獨立的非洲國家向蘇聯倒戈，因而積極與非洲來往，試圖拉攏非 關鍵字行銷洲國 家。不過，隨著冷戰的結束，使得美國不願再介入與其利益無關的區域事務，導致美國介入非洲事務的誘因大為降低，致使非洲在美國的外交政策中，再度遭到冷 落。 　一九九三年十月，美軍在索馬利亞執行人道救援任務失敗，造成十八名美軍遇害，讓柯林頓政府飽受國內輿論抨擊，因而決定自索馬利亞撤軍，並且提出「非洲問 題、非洲解決」的口號，作為美國忽略非洲事務的藉口。隨後在盧安達與浦隆地發生的種族滅絕危機中，美國均採取漠視的態度，不僅使美國飽受道德層面批判，更 讓非洲國家對美國心生不滿。 　二○○七年，美國宣布成立「非洲司令部」，以強化全球反恐戰爭的成果。儘管這一年來美國高層頻 房地產頻訪問非洲，但是司令部尋址的工作仍舊屢屢碰壁，非洲各國均表明不願提供美國軍事基地，迫使美國最終放棄將司令部設址在非洲的規劃。美國與非洲國家之間缺乏互信，由此可見一斑。 　作為美國首位非洲裔總統，許多人認為歐巴馬將為美國與非洲關係發展帶來新的契機。不過基於美國的國家利益考量，推展民主、能源與打擊非洲恐怖主義發展， 仍將是歐巴馬非洲政策的主要任務；非洲國家則希望美國能無條件提供更多援助。在彼此仍存有不少認知差距下，對於美國與非洲雙邊關係的提昇仍有待努力。 .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 土地買賣  .

          論中共核武的指揮管制與通訊系統 論中共核武的指揮管制與通訊系統 鄭大誠 摘要 一、  基於「黨指揮槍」的原則，中共的最高軍事指揮和軍事決策機構採取「兩塊招牌，一套人馬」的方針，掌握戰略核武最高控制權的中央軍委會雖有兩組，但組成人員卻相同，由軍委主席掌握最高決策權。 二、  中共對 長灘島於核武採取嚴格控管。在平時，戰略核武部隊的軍事指揮體系原就較其他一般部隊為短；在戰時，戰略核武部隊的指揮鏈更是大幅縮短。此種作法雖然與其他核武國家並無大異，不過由於核武本身與通訊系統上的技術差異，使得中共在核戰時欲積極實現其戰略與政治上目的仍有相當的? 屏東房屋x難。 三、  近年來中共已經企圖將其指管通系統大幅現代化與多元化。不過，中共軍方目前所建立的系統與西方國家水準相比仍然有相當大的落差，中共整合與控管各不同飛彈基地的能力仍嫌不足。 四、  在未來十年，中共軍方的空基、海基、陸基與太空基?商務中心澈瑋q情能量都會大幅提升，對於亞洲及西太平洋區域國家特別會造成嚴重威脅。 指揮與控制系統 在中共軍方的體系內，政治控制與軍事指揮系統常互為交流，不過不管其指揮員與政委的關係如何，「黨指揮槍」總是最高的指導原則。[1] 共軍的組織架構隨著歷史發展數經更迭，較為現代政治控制與軍事指揮系統要等到 小型辦公室1980年代初才出現。共軍目前採用兩套指管系統，分屬於共產黨與國家。最高指揮管制機關為中央軍事委員會（簡稱中央軍委會）。自1982年後，黨與國家均設有中央軍委會，不過實際上是「兩塊招牌，一套人馬」，兩者的組成成員都是一致的，僅僅在組成程序上略有不同。 中共中央軍委會是中國共產黨的最高軍事指揮和軍事決 辦公室出租策機構。其組成人員由中共中央委員會決定，由主席、副主席以及委員組成。[2] 現行的《中華人民共和國憲法》也規定，國家的中央軍委會由主席、副主席若干人以及委員若干人組成。主席由全國人民代表大會選舉產生，對全國人民代表大會及其常務委員會負責。[3] 其他組成人員由全國人民代表大會或其常務委員會根據中央軍委主席的提名決定。任 買屋期與每屆全國人民代表大會任期相同。不過，在人選幾乎是按照黨的版本照單全收，全國人民代表大會也幾乎沒有對中央軍委會使用過什麼監督權。[4] 在運行上，兩中央軍委會合署辦公。對武裝力量發佈的命令一般僅使用中國共產黨中央軍委會名義。與國務院聯合發佈命令時則使用中華人民共和國中央軍委會的名義。 中央軍委會採「主席負責制」，因此軍委主席實際上 房地產掌握了中央軍委會的最高權力。中央軍委會在2004年成員由八名增為十一名，海、空、二炮司令員被增選為軍委委員。[5] 以從前的例子來看，解放軍中一般都是軍區司令員高於軍種司令。但此次軍種司令地位高於軍區司令的安排，可能代表中共軍方將加強海、空以及二炮部隊的地位和作用，以適應現代化戰爭的需要。在嚴格的政治控制下，中央軍委會在做重大決策時，包括動用核武時， 永慶房屋軍委主席會聽取其他軍委其他成員的意見，不過這絕不代表他需要軍委會的一致同意才能下達命令。[6] 中央軍委會之下設有四總部，即總參謀部、總政治部、總後勤部以及總裝備部。四總部既是中央軍委會的工作機關，又是全軍軍事、政治、後勤、裝備工作的領導機關。國防部隸屬於國務院，為管理國防建設事業的部門。國防部在本質上屬於一行政機關，不是指揮鏈的一部，其具體軍事工作由 東森房屋四總部分別辦理。在軍隊組成上，解放軍由陸軍、海軍、空軍三個軍種和二炮部隊一個獨立兵種組成。陸軍由步兵、炮兵、裝甲兵、工程兵、通信兵、防化兵、陸軍航空兵等兵種和其他專業部隊組成。海軍由水面艦艇部隊、潛艇部隊、航空兵、岸防兵、陸戰隊等兵種和其他專業部隊組成。空軍由航空兵、地空導彈與高射炮兵、雷達兵、空降兵等兵種和其他專業部隊組成。 圖一、共軍的指揮與管制系統 中國共產黨中央軍事委員 台灣房屋會  .

          熊市逢低買基金 輕鬆累積退休金 蘋果日報 靠山山倒、靠人人跑、靠子女孝順奉養早已成為過去式，許多人都想知道究竟需要打拼多久，才能在退休後享受無憂無慮的清閒生活？ 根據我們的 買屋退休理財試算，年約35歲的投資人預計30年後退休，將消費者物價平均年增率0.89%納入計算，退休後每月花費金額約6萬元， 情趣用品至終老所需花費約1700萬元，扣除個人勞退專戶退休金約320萬元後，尚有約1380萬元缺口。 每月最低門檻3000元 以台灣5大銀行1年期定存 票貼固定利率平均為2.617%，扣除消費者物價上漲率，實質利率僅1.73%，單靠定存累積個人退休金難度頗高。選擇符合個人風險屬性的投資標的，愈早準備就愈有機會 酒店打工降低退休所需的資金壓力。定時定額投資門檻不高，每月最低只要3000元，利用長期投入攤平投資成本特性，準備個人退休金可考慮選擇之一。此外，選擇定時定額基金類型必須評 室內裝潢估個人年齡、風險承受度與個人實際財務狀況，退休準備是人生階段中最後一筆投資，愈接近中年投資，承受虧損風險的空間愈低，建議投資人隨著年齡增長，定期檢視個人投資風險屬性及投資內容 宜蘭民宿，適時調整個人投資組合，降低風險性較高的資產比例，以追求資產穩健成長為目標。投資人的投資意願通常與股市走勢有很大的關係，股市在高檔與低檔時，預估投資人的扣款意願最低。高檔時會擔心申購成本過高 永慶房屋，低檔時卻又擔心股市可能持續下探。然而以長期投資的角度來看，市場走勢總是隨著景氣循環上下，投資人若能在低檔時逢低布局，待景氣反轉時，通常會有較理想的報酬。 低檔布局等景氣反轉 以2003~2004年期間為例，200 屏東房屋3年第1季遇到美伊戰爭、第2季發生SARS疫情，全球股市皆大幅下挫，2003年初股市下跌時，定時定額人數也隨之減少，同年6月股市反彈時，先前退出的投資人因此無法享受逢低布局好處。沒有人能百分之百肯定股市什麼時候是絕對高點或低點， 商務中心透過定時投入市場，降低投入時間風險。股市愈在低點，申購的成本就愈低，如果停止扣款，長期而言反而無法攤平申購的成本。 .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 小型辦公室  .

          寶鋼漲價 中鋼利多 【聯合報╱記者林政鋒、劉惠臨／高雄報導】 大陸寶鋼昨（20）天調高明年第一季鋼價，熱軋漲幅達6.8%，預期中?翻譯社]2002）明（22）天也將跟進調漲，各大類鋼品每公噸有上漲800元至1,80 土地買賣0元的空間，不只鋼市可望加溫，也有為中鋼股價護盤的效果。 貿易商說，寶鋼熱軋?租辦公室~每公噸上調人民幣300元，漲幅6.8%，比預期的每公噸上調人民幣200元高出很多，顯示大陸市場需求仍 買房子強。另寶鋼冷軋每噸調高人民幣200元、寬厚板大漲500元。 寶鋼漲盤公布後，中鋼一掃保守的態度，對明年第一季盤 結婚價有更高的期待。據指出，中鋼內部討論後，認為熱軋、冷軋、鍍鋅鋼板每公噸可望上漲800元，上下加減100元都是可接受範圍。 此外 房屋二胎，全球市場最搶手的厚板鋼材，更具跳躍調高空間，如果每公噸上漲2,000元至2,500元市場都認為合理，但中鋼可能一如往昔「輕輕放下」，初步定調鋼 烤肉食材板每公噸調高1,800元左右。 另一方面，中鋼棒線則在今年第三季與第四季連續二季維持平盤，目前報價每公噸1.85萬元，與流通價2.1萬元的價差達2,500元，因此，中鋼線材盤 帛琉價具跳躍式上漲空間，但中鋼擔心外界觀感，每公噸可能僅調漲1,000元至1,200元。 市場人士指出，中鋼明年第一季盤價，還兼具「護盤」的作用。因明年煤鐵礦及運費成本持續走高，外資?信用貸款搯I中鋼股價之際，中鋼調高盤價最能實質挹注營收，有助股價回穩。 .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 術後面膜  .

          新堀江裡找樂子　老店也能很新穎 新堀江一直以來都給人相當熱鬧的畫面，而這裡頭的店舖以乎都給人一種小巧的印象，但有?辦公室出租惚o在走進之後，給予人們一份別有洞天的感受，一間 小額信貸在新堀江有著十五年歷史的生活樂子，就是一間空間感讓人豁然開朗的餐 酒店打工飲店。 特殊的空間讓人印象深刻，特別是在這寸土寸金的新堀江裡，能夠獲得這樣的感 租房子受實屬難得，而店裡提供的品項消費也相當多樣，像是輕食、鍋品和焗烤類的選擇，讓您不論是簡單用餐還是 結婚是想要吃得飽些都能獲得滿足。 然而若您只是想要坐下來喝些東西，生活樂子的茶飲系列也相當值得參考，針對不同族群設 澎湖民宿計不同的飲品，學生族群較為偏愛巧克力和冰沙，而女性族群則有專門設計出的水果茶和蘆薈，讓喝東西也能充滿健康，以今夏最流行的繽紛水果茶為 永慶房屋例，裡頭就有著以七種時令的水果打成的果汁，讓您一次嚐到多樣美味和營養充份的健康飲品。 一間歷史悠久的店，能在快速變遷的商圈裡穩定經營十五年的?租辦公室酗踳T實不容易，但就是因為秉持著不斷創新和突破的用心，才能讓客人持續不斷地上門光顧。下次您到新堀江來找尋樂趣時，步行至宣智街時，可以走進樂子，嚐嚐食飲的滋味和感受 系統傢俱店裡的空間感受，或許一份喜歡它的感受早已悄然在您的心中漫延開來。 大高雄旅遊網http://kaohsiung.travel-web.com.tw/ 引用【大台灣旅遊網 TTNews 張國宣】 會場佈置  .

          990427流行腰帶流行資訊: 這是99.04.27日,亮亮上網血拼,覺得不錯看的流行腰帶 ,報給水水們一同分享: 真皮與棉?西裝源s織復古配色 適合各種風格打扮 無特殊腰 買屋圍限制 錐狀及圓形鉚釘腰身裝飾 獨特繞兩圈配戴 裝扮簡單?宜蘭民宿S有特色 前方超寬板設計 三釦細緻花雕車紋鏤空 腰封式搭配更顯瘦 獨特魅 21世紀房屋仲介力加分單品 貝型釦鑲滿閃亮奧地利水鑽 腰身點墬排鑽塊墬 因鑲嵌多鑽故重量稍重 呈 居酒屋現更多樣化的女性風情 古典造型銅釦鑲嵌閃亮晶鑽 腰身特殊幻異花紋 讓魅力指數加分 俏麗橢圓型串接設計 開幕活動獨特雙面皆可佩帶 提高時尚度的必備單品 真皮與棉繩交織甜美配色 適合各種風格打扮 浪漫花朵車線繡型 手工製作亮片款 土地買賣 中央高彈性腰帶設計 亮片金蔥閃亮耀眼 真皮與棉繩編織復古配色 適合各種風格打扮 無特殊腰圍限制 有興趣的水水們都可以點擊圖文進 租辦公室去看喔! 註:1. 亮亮的服裝配飾,及各種流行時尚及人氣商品資訊,純屬個人覺得是不錯的資訊,po圖文推薦供眾水水及網友們一同分享,並非從事營利或網拍,特此聲明! 2. 西裝外套圖文如有侵權,請留言告知,以便刪除! 謝謝~~   .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 辦公室出租  .

          南台灣民俗活動中最閃亮的隊伍 二零零五年二月二十六日上午由“彩妝過招”搶先登場，共有二十一支隊伍參加變裝競技。下午的金龍遊街是本屆十八媱活動最壯盛的陣容，一條在去年中秋節才獲得金氏世界 苗栗旅遊紀錄登錄為世界第一的巨龍，將首次跨越濁水溪南遊麻豆。 小弟子遊行台南明慧班法輪大法小弟子在“彩妝過招”活動項目中表演極具特色的腰鼓?酒店經紀A在響徹雲霄的“法輪大法”好歌聲中，動作整齊劃一、節奏明快，並配以解說講述腰鼓的由來──展現先民們吃苦耐勞、戰勝困難、勇往直前的精神風?面膜炙H及祈佑風調雨順、呈現慶祝豐收、歡慶節日的喜悅。在這以農業為主的小鎮，在象徵歡樂團圓的元宵佳節，真能引起共鳴，獲得不斷的掌聲。 麻豆明慧班小弟子們還?酒店工作t出了仙童樂舞，只見滿場的法輪不停的旋轉，宛如置身人間仙境。而親子功法表演“法輪大法好”，分別由祖孫、父子、兄弟、母女、同學組成，美好祥和令人嚮往。 功法和舞蹈表演 辦公室出租三個表演節目串聯在一起，洪揚法輪大法的旗幟佈置在舞台最顯眼的地方，“法輪大法好”的歌聲繚繞於耳，讓與會嘉賓同沐“真、善、忍”的法光中，身心受益。 晚上六時展開的藝陣踩街，有多達三十二 永慶房屋個單位參加遊行，由來自台灣南部的高雄、台南、麻豆、新營等地區的法輪功學員組成的遊行隊伍在小鎮上顯得特別壯觀盛大，遊行隊伍中法輪大法好的旗幟鮮明醒目，世界各國的褒獎和大法洪傳的橫幅搭配真象材料的派發，起到了 室內裝潢很好的洪法效果。 腰鼓隊遊行氣勢軒昂，讓人精神振奮的腰鼓隊深受歡迎，鏗鏘有力的腰鼓聲響徹雲霄，震撼人心，喚醒人們的善念。隊伍經過時，路邊擠滿的觀眾不時報以熱烈的掌聲。穿梭在遊行隊伍兩邊的學員則忙不迭的分發法 辦公室出租輪功真象資料給觀眾。 經過幾條大街後，各隊伍齊聚主舞台前參加民藝華會開幕式。七時三十分，各文、武陣頭登台拼藝競技，再現第二波高潮，鳴鑼響鼓將持續至半夜才落幕。腰鼓隊在“法輪大法好”音樂的伴奏下，邁著整齊的步伐，舞動著鼓槌，鼓鈸聲 烤肉聲，傳遞“真善忍”的福音。 現場密密麻麻的觀眾通過學員們的表演看到了法輪大法的美好，很多人還不時的比出大拇指向學員們加油打氣。 .msgcontent .wsharing ul li { text-indent: 0; } 分享 Facebook Plurk YAHOO! 澎湖民宿  .